MuSpain, iyo Sipanishi Agency yeMishonga uye Hutano Zvigadzirwa (AEMPS), inoenderana neHurumende yehutano, yasarudza kurambidza kushandiswa kwe codeine yekukosora mukati pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri uye zvakare panguva kuyamwisa sezvo njodzi dzehutano dzakaonekwa mune vamwe varwere uye, uyezve, hapana humbowo hwesainzi hwekuti codeine inoshanda muatarrhal maitiro. Izvo zvakurudzirawo kuti avo vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere ekuberekwa vadzivise kutora mishonga iyi kana vaine matambudziko ekufema.
Asi chii ichi zvino? Ini ndinokuudza zvese pazasi.
La codeine Ndicho yakatorwa muopium. Iyi opioid inobvumidzwa kurapwa kwechiratidzo chekunyorova kusvika pakati nepakati kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye chikosoro chisina zvibereko, uye chakashandiswawo kurapa kukosora kwakabatana necatarrhal maitiro muvana.
Kuferefetwa
Muna 2013, iyo European Pharmacovigilance Risk Yekuongorora Komiti (PRAC) vakaita ongororo nezve kubatsirwa-njodzi chiyero chemakodhiine mishonga yakashandiswa pakurapa marwadzo muhuwandu hwevana, mushure mekuziva zviitiko zvakakomba zvinoverengeka, zvimwe zvacho zvinouraya, zvevana vakatambura kudhakwa kwe morphine mushure mekugamuchira kodhiini seanorapa. Aya kesi akaitika nekuti iyo pharmacological maitiro e codeine Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekushandurwa kwayo kuita morphine ne cytochrome P2 enzyme CYP6D450 uye vamwe vanhu vane genetically Ultra-inokurumidza metabolism uye nekudaro inoshandura codeine kuita morphine nekukurumidza. Iyo muzana yevarwere vanobatwa neiyi inokurumidza metabolism inoshanduka uye zvinoenderana nedzinza, asi zvinoita kuti varwere ava vawedzere kuratidza morphine kudhakwa.
Nekuda kwekuferefeta uku, kumwe kuongorora kwenjodzi dzakaonekwa dzinogona kuwedzeredzwa mukushandiswa kwekodhekine pakurapa kukosora kwakabatana necarrarrhal maitiro muhuwandu hwevana. Uku ndiko kushomeka kweuchapupu hwesainzi hunotsigira kushandiswa kwecodeine yekurapa chikosoro chakabatana nemaitiro e catarrhal muvana.
Codeine kurambidzwa
Kunyangwe iyo morphine chepfu zvinogona kuitika chero zera, vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri vari panjodzi yekuwedzera kwekushushikana mushure mekutarisirwa kwekodineine. Aya maitiro anogona kunyanyo kuve akakomba mune iyo yekupedzisira-inokurumidza metabolism. Iyi njodzi inoshandawo kune avo varwere avo, zvisinei nezera, vane matambudziko ekufema nekuda kwehumwe hutachiona.
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iro Dhipatimendi rezvehutano rakasarudza kuti kurapa kwekurapa kwekukosora kusingaperi muvana kunofanirwa kunge kuri etiological, uye kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga ine codeine kunofanirwa kutemerwa muvana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa uye nevarwere vane Ultra-inokurumidza metabolism . Pamusoro pezvo, vakadzi vanorambidzwawo panguva yekuyamwisa nekuda kwenjodzi yekuti mwana anogona kurwadziwa zvakanyanya kana amai vari vanokurumidza-kukurumidza metabolism.
Pamusoro pezvo, Hutano hunopa zano pamusoro pekushandiswa kwecodeine muvarwere vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika gumi nemasere ekuberekwa vane matambudziko ekufema akadai seaya anorwara neuromuscular disorders, kufema kwakakomba kana chirwere chemwoyo, hutachiona hwemapapu, kushungurudzika kwakawanda kana varwere vane nzira dzakawanda dzekuvhiya.
Parizvino ruzivo rwunobva kuAEMPS Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (BIFAP) yeAEMPS inoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwecodeine muvana vari pakati pemakore maviri negumi nemana ekuberekwa kunonyanya kunge kurwisa, kuri kusavapo muvana vari pasi pemakore maviri ekuberekwa.
Mishonga ine codeine
Mishonga yakajairika yekodhine inotengeswa kuSpain ndeiyi inotevera.
codeisan
- Codeine manyuchi anodzikamisa kana kubvisa marwadzo epakati (analgesic athari) uye anodzikamisa kukosora (antitussive).
- Mushonga uyu unoshandiswa pakurapa kwenguva pfupi kwekurwadziwa zvine mwero kune varwere vane makore anopfuura gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa uye mamwe marwadzo ekudzora, senge paracetamol uye ibuprofen, haatariswe seakakodzera.
- Iyo inoshandiswawo pakurapa kwechiratidzo kwechikosoro pasina masevhisi.
Tosein
- Iyo antitussive mumiririri, mune ese ari maviri uye asingagumi kufema mamiriro, ayo anoita kuti zvikwanise kudzvinyirira inoramba ichikosora zvitsinga, zvinowanzoitika zvezvimwe zvirwere zvekupemha system.
- Iyo zvakare ine mwero analgesic uye munyoro sedative mhedzisiro.
Histaverin
- Iwo mushonga wekusabereka chikosoro, wakaoma, unokosora chikosoro uye husiku kukosora.
- Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo, inofanirwa kupihwa nehungwaru kune vakwegura uye kushaya simba varwere vane hurema hwechiropa, moyo kana itsvo, pamwe nenyaya dzehypothyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic ulcerative colitis nezvirwere zvinokonzeresa kugona kwekufema.